In my experience, the commonly heard claim that hippos are responsible for more attacks on humans than any other dangerous animal in Africa is a complete myth. The Luangwa Valley is currently recognized as carrying the densest population of hippos in Africa and after half a lifetime here, I am aware of only two instances of serious human injury inflicted by a hippo.
Whilst there are so few attacks, it would be folly to think they are not dangerous. Hippos are extremely large, powerful animals and despite being herbivorous, are armed with long, lethal teeth that are designed purely for battle. I have observed a hippo killing a large crocodile with one bite. A human would provide little to no resistance in the face of a full-on hippo attack.
It is therefore vital to avoid inciting an attack in the first place, whether on land or on the water (in a boat or canoe). If given sufficient space and deep enough water in which to submerge themselves, hippos are generally placid creatures and pose no threat. However, late in the dry season when water levels are low and food supplies limited, they are more inclined to be aggressive. Vicious fights break out between rival males in their bid for suitable river space and losers are often ousted from the river. They skulk under thickets during the day and are liable to attack if approached too closely.
A dangerous aspect of hippo behaviour is their unpredictability. With experience, most animals’ reactions can be predicted with a certain degree of accuracy, but in my opinion hippos are not endowed with a great deal of intelligence and even they are not sure of their own next move!
Clapping your hands, waving your arms about or shouting is likely to have no effect on a charging hippo. Your only hope is to find immediate refuge.
Hot tips:
On the water (in a boat or canoe):
- Allow hippos plenty of space. Do not venture into shallow water levels where they are unable to submerge themselves.
- Gently tap the side of the boat or canoe to signal your position so that hippos do not inadvertently come up beneath your craft.
On foot:
- Keep your distance and avoid thicket areas where hippos may be skulking.
- Listen out for oxpeckers’ calls – a good warning sign that there could be a hippo about.
- Run for cover-up or behind a tree or termite moun
